英文版全文如下：
1. Environmental ISSUE
A. Earth’s atmosphere
Earth’s atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth and retained by the Earth’s gravity. It contains roughly nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount of water vapor. This mixture of gases is commonly known as air. The atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation and reducing temperature extremes between day and night.
B. Green House Effect
Green House Effect is caused by green house gases. Greenhouse gases are like a blanket. If they are at the right thickness, the earth can maintain its livable temperature. Many experts now think the way we burning fossil fuel and adding chemicals to the atmosphere is causing the blanket to become as global warming.
- Water vapor
Water vapor is Earth’s most common greenhouse gas: it’s responsible for about 60% of the natural greenhouse effect. Although human activities have very little direct effect on water vapor levels, global warming is causing them to increase.
- Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide enters the air in many ways: for instance when plants decay, volcanoes erupt and animals breathe. When we burn fossil fuels. Such as oil, this also releases huge amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. Since the end of the 18th century, the amount of CO2 is increased from about 280 parts per million to about 370 parts per million. It’s continuing to rise at about 1.2 parts per million each year. Carbon dioxide is thought to be the main gas responsible for global warming.
- Methane
Methane can trap about 21 times more heat than CO2. It’s given out by animals as a waste gas, by rotting plants and rubbish, and by burning fossil fuels. Methane levels are rising by about 0.6% per year, it’s enhance the green house effect by about 20%. It is the largest increase in the natural gas mainly produced by human activity.
C. Global warming
Climate models reference by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) project that global surface temperatures are likely to increase by 1.1 to 6.4ºC (2.0 to 11.5ºF) between 1990 to 2100.
An increase in global temperatures is expected to cause other changes, including sea level rise, increased intensity of extreme weather events, and changes in the amount and pattern of precipitation rain fall. Other effects include changes in agricultural yields, glacier retreat, species extinctions and increases in the range of disease vectors.
The increasing frequency of summer heat waves in temperate zones, typhoons, hurricanes and floods are signs of the changing weather and climate pattern across the globe.
According to the World Health Organization, and estimated 77,000 deaths are recorded annually in the Asia-Pacific region due to health problems arising from global warming. Among the potential effects of global warming would be the appearance of mosquitoes in areas where they were previously absent, with the accompanying threat of malaria and dengue fever. There is also the risk of reduced rainfall in some regions, causing a shortage of fresh water, thus introducing the danger of waterborne diseases.
D. Mr Al Gore
In one especially disquieting slide, we are told that “if half of Greenland and half of the Antarctic polar ice region melt,” numerous big cities around the world will be partially of almost fully submerged by varying sea levels, including parts of Lower Manhattan, San Francisco, Beijing, India, Bangladesh. In the last three places, “millions and millions of people would die,” Mr. Al Gore cities, with millions more taking on the status of displaced citizens.
E. Will
Global Warming: Final warning… Will
As global warming looms, many scientists are sounding the alarm. Some are predicting doom. How will it affect Malaysians? Are we prepared for it? MINDERJEET KAUR wades through the gloom to find out
Global warming could even turn
2 Dr Ros’s Garbage Enzyme
a. What is Garbage Enzyme?
Dr Ros’s Garbage Enzyme is a complex organic substance of protein chain and mineral salt and juvenile hormone.
b. Garbage Enzyme’s Function
- Resolve/ decompose
- Transform/ Change
- Compose/ make up/ combination
- Catalysis
As a result of catalysis, ozone is produced, which can reduce the amount of carbon-dioxide in the atmosphere and thus reduce global warming.
This enzyme can be produced easily with the organic waste from the kitchen.
i) Anti Green House Effect
As the result in enzyme production, O3+NO3+CO3 generated could purify the cloud and becomes white color; due to reflection from the sea the sky looks blue. But, instead dark cloud which accumulated a lot of heavy metal become greenhouse effect and more heat are trapped on the earth. The O3 from Garbage Enzyme could reduce the heavy metal in the cloud thus heat are released from the earth, that’s maintaining the earth’s temperature and save the atmosphere and global.
If every household make enzyme, this would help in anti global warming effectively.
More NO3 in the air can feed the plant. The plants will growth well. The root can let the animal alive, and animal give their waste to the plant more hormone and nutrition.
C. Garbage Enzyme's Usage
i) Agriculture
- Reduce over-use of chemicals in the agriculture.
- Keep the farm free from infections and insects.
- Enzyme can fertilize the soil for vegetable growing.
- As a natural Herbicide and Pesticide
- Can convert sandy land to fertile farm land.
- Keep clean and cool air in the farm atmosphere.
- Clean impure and dirty water in the farm.
ii) Household
- Enzyme is a popular household cleanser, cleaning with enzyme is a smart way to avoid using harsh chemicals. By the end those Enzyme will reach to the river & the sea and it will safe our environment.
- Remove the foul odor, mold and grime in kitchen and bathroom.
- Anti bacterial and virus
- Help in driving away insects
- Remove odor from pets and cigarettes
- For ticks and carpets
- For ironing and washing
- For hallway and bedroom
- For car maintenance
3. Dr Ros’s Garbage Enzyme DIY
a) Garbage Enzyme’s Method
Ratio:
Brown Sugar/ Molasses: 1
Garbage (chop to smaller pieces): 3
Water: 10 (I used 7)
Method:
1. Mix brown sugar with water, add in the garbage.
2. Leave some space for fermentation.
3. Enzyme will form and ready to use in 3 months.
4. Make sure the container is air tight.
5. Push the floating garbage downward once a while.
6. The enzyme is ready to use in 3 months. The residue can be reuse for the next production by adding fresh garbage. It can be use as fertilizer by drying the residue, blending and buried in the ground.
b) Remark
For shampoo, dish wash, detergent, use enzyme: add half tea spoon in shampoo (1 tea spoon for 500cc; 1 table spoon for 1 let) to enhance the nutrients and reduce chemical side effect.
3 Conclusion
